Albert Einstein
- Born:
- 14 March 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, German Empire
- Died:
- 18 April 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1918), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
- Initially struggled with speech development.
- Received early education in Munich, Germany.
- Renounced German citizenship at age 16.
- Graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern (1902-1909).
- Published four groundbreaking papers in 1905, known as the "Annus Mirabilis" papers, covering Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
- Professor at the University of Zurich, then the Charles University in Prague, and later the ETH Zurich.
- Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin (1914).
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Developed the general theory of relativity (1915).
- Emigrated to the United States in 1933, fleeing Nazi Germany.
- Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
- Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, warning about the potential of Nazi Germany to develop atomic weapons, contributing to the establishment of the Manhattan Project.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905)
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905)
- "Relativity: The Special and the General Theory" (1916)
- "The Meaning of Relativity" (1922)
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein's contributions revolutionized physics and profoundly impacted our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His theories laid the foundation for numerous technological advancements, including nuclear energy and GPS technology. The analysis of 'shaheen bhatt biography of albert' often emphasizes his enduring impact on scientific thought and popular culture.